Objective: This study aimed to profile medication use, adherence to medications and lifestyle modifications as well as blood pressure control among patients with hypertension in Indonesian primary health centres (PHCs).
Results: Of 457 eligible patients, 276 patients consented: PHC A (n = 50/91), PHC B (n = 65/116), PHC C (n = 47/61), PHC D (n = 60/88), PHC E (n = 54/101), giving an overall response rate of 60.4%. Patients were mainly treated with a single antihypertensive medication, i.e., amlodipine (89.1%), and many had not achieved blood pressure targets (68.1%). A majority reported notable levels of non-adherence to medication (low/intermediate, 65.2%) and poor healthy lifestyle behaviours, particularly physical activity (inadequate, 87.7%) and discretionary salt use (regularly, 50.4%). Significant associations were found between low medication adherence, discretionary salt use and smoking, with blood pressure control.
cross blood sub indonesia
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Conclusions: The study findings provide the evidence needed to improve the current level of sub-optimal blood pressure management among patients with hypertension in these Indonesian primary care settings. Particular emphasis should be placed on antihypertensive medication adherence and healthy lifestyle behaviours through locally tailored hypertension-related interventions.
The U.S. blood supply is kept as safe as possible from infectious diseases, including malaria, through strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) screening guidelines for accepting or deferring donors who have been in malaria-endemic areas. Because of these control measures, malaria transmitted through blood transfusion is very rare in the United States and occurs at a rate of less than 1 per 1 million units of blood transfused.
During April 2020, in light of the COVID-19 public health emergency, FDA updated guidance on blood donor screening to ensure a sufficient and safe blood supply. This revised guidance is intended to remain in effect for the duration of the public health emergency.
CDC receives information from multiple different sources about the parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs. For some countries there is detailed information, and for others there is considerably less detail. If CDC has only received information about a country which did not provide details about the presence of malaria for specific cities, or towns, then we are not able to provide additional information about the probability of malaria transmission for those cities or towns. Likewise, if someone traveled between two nonendemic areas through an area where malaria occurs, CDC is unable to calculate a probability of infection in areas transited for that individual traveler. Based on information about where malaria transmission occurs provided by CDC, blood collection centers can assess the risk of malaria exposure in potential blood donors.
The Red Cross asks the country to roll up a sleeve to help ensure people receive the care they need. Make an appointment to give blood or platelets as soon as possible by using the Red Cross Blood Donor App, visiting RedCrossBlood.org or calling 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767)
The Red Cross has experienced a 10% decline in the number of people donating blood since the beginning of the pandemic and continues to confront relentless issues due to the pandemic, including ongoing blood drive cancellations and staffing limitations. Adding to the concern is the surge of COVID-19 cases. The Red Cross has experienced low donor turnout ever since the delta variant began spreading in August, and that trend continues as the Omicron variant takes over.
All types are needed now, especially types O positive and O negative, as well as platelet donations, to help reverse this national blood crisis. If there is not an immediate opportunity available to donate, donors are asked to make an appointment in the days and weeks ahead to ensure the Red Cross can replenish and maintain a sufficient blood supply.
All of this comes as January marks National Blood Donor Month, a time to raise awareness about the need for blood donations when regular seasonal illnesses like colds and the flu, as well as winter weather often leads to a decline in donations.
Special Thank You to Those Who Come to GiveThe Red Cross and the NFL are partnering this January, during National Blood Donor Month, to urge individuals to kick off 2022 with a blood or platelet donation. Those who come to give blood, platelets or plasma in January will automatically be entered for a chance to win a getaway to Super Bowl LVI in Los Angeles. As an extra thank-you from the Red Cross, those who come to donate will also be automatically entered to win a home theater package and a $500 e-gift card. Terms apply; visit RedCrossBlood.org/SuperBowl for more information.
COVID-19 Safety ProtocolsEach Red Cross blood drive and donation center follows the highest standards of safety and infection control. Individuals who have received a COVID-19 vaccine are still eligible to donate blood and platelets. Knowing the name of the manufacturer of the vaccine they receive is important in determining blood donation eligibility.
Blood and platelet donors can save time at their next donation by using RapidPass to complete their pre-donation reading and health history questionnaire online, on the day of their donation, before arriving at the blood drive. To get started, follow the instructions at RedCrossBlood.org/RapidPass or use the Blood Donor App.
The American Red Cross shelters, feeds and provides comfort to victims of disasters; supplies about 40% of the nation's blood; teaches skills that save lives; distributes international humanitarian aid; and supports veterans, military members and their families. The Red Cross is a nonprofit organization that depends on volunteers and the generosity of the American public to deliver its mission. For more information, please visit redcross.org or cruzrojaamericana.org, or visit us on Twitter at @RedCross.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closely regulates blood to keep the blood supply safe. The AABB (formerly the American Association of Blood Banks) also publishes guidelines for safe transfusions, which its members must follow.
In the United States, all blood centers follow careful procedures to keep the blood supply safe. Everyone who comes in to donate is asked many questions and has a chance to say whether their blood may be unsafe for any reason. Also, previous donation records and lists of ineligible donors are checked. Lab tests are done to look for blood that might transmit diseases (described in Getting a Blood Transfusion). People are not allowed to donate blood if their lab tests or questionnaires show that they may be at high risk for certain diseases.
Aside from protecting those who receive donated blood, rules are also in place to protect people who want to donate. Although guidelines can vary slightly by state and facility, for the most part donors must:
You can go back to normal activities soon after giving blood, but some centers recommend that you have someone else drive you home after you donate. You might feel tired, but this usually only lasts a few hours.
Donating platelets or other individual blood products is done with a process called apheresis. It allows volunteers to donate just one blood component. Blood is drawn out through a vein in the arm, and a machine separates out the needed component (usually platelets, although red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma can also be collected this way). The rest of the blood is then returned to the donor, usually through a vein in the other arm. This procedure can take up to 2 or more hours depending on which blood component is being collected.
The advantage of this type of donation is that, since most of the blood is returned, a large amount of a needed component can be collected. Patients who need many platelet transfusions, like some cancer patients, are exposed to fewer donors in this way than they would be from platelets taken from many donors. This cuts down on the risk of both transfusion reactions and infections.
Since aspirin makes platelets less useful to a transfusion recipient, donors are usually asked not take aspirin for at least 36 hours before donation. The same FDA guidelines as those for whole blood donation must be followed. Unlike whole blood donors, those who give platelets or plasma by apheresis usually can give again in a week or so. Different blood centers may have different rules about this.
Donating your own blood for later use is called autologous donation. Autologous donation is most often done in the weeks before you have a scheduled surgery that will likely require blood transfusion. Your own blood can then be used during or after the operation to replace any blood you may have lost.
There is a processing fee for collecting, testing, storing, and delivering each unit of autologous blood. Be aware that your health insurance may not fully pay for this. You also need to plan ahead so that you have enough time before surgery to have your blood cell counts go back to normal after your blood has been collected.
Sets standards, inspects, and accredits blood collection and transfusion facilities. The AABB website has a blood bank locator, and general information on blood, blood product donation, and transfusions.
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Guidance for Industry: An Acceptable Circular of Information for the Use of Human Blood and Blood Components. Updated April 2014. Accessed at www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/blood/ucm364593.pdf on June 20, 2016.
Vassallo R, Benjamin RJ, Dodd R, Eder A, McLaughlin LGS, Stramer S, et al. for the American Red Cross. A Compendium of Transfusion Practice Guidelines. Second Edition 2013. Accessed at www.redcrossblood.org/sites/arc/files/59802_compendium_brochure_v_6_10_9_13.pdf on June 20, 2016. 2ff7e9595c
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